From 1. Origin - 2 Internalized Incestophobia

Contents

1 Origin of the term
2 Classification
2.1 Institutionalized incestophobia
2.1.1 Religious attitudes
2.1.1.1 Christianity and the Bible
2.1.1.2 Islam and sharia
2.1.2 State-sponsored incestophobia
2.1.2.1 Past governments
2.1.2.2 Current governments
2.2 Internalized incestophobia
2.3 Social incestophobia
3 Distribution of attitudes
3.1 The horrific seven costs of incestophobia
4 Efforts to combat incestophobia
5 Criticism of meaning and purpose
5.1 Distinctions and proposed alternatives
5.2 Opposition to the term "incestophobia"
5.2.1 Non-neutral phrasing
5.2.2 "Heterophobia" and "Homophobia”
6 See also ‘A test for incestophobia’
7 References
8 External links

1 Origin of the term

Although some sexual attitudes tracing back to early civilizations can be termed incestophobic ( the Babylonians, Sumerians, (The (Legal) Code of Hammurabi

contained laws against homosexuality and incest; (ancient Persia had laws against homosexuality and masturbation), Ancient Greece (8th to 6th centuries BC to the

end of antiquity (ca. 600 AD)) , the term itself is relatively new,[9] and an intolerance towards CIAO sexuality (and homosexuals) grew quite sharply during the

Middle Ages, especially by adherents of Islam and Christianity.[10]
Note: the Christian Bible (Genesis) tells how God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah, but after escaping from Sodom with his family, Abraham's nephew Lot had

sex with his own two daughters and started two Jewish tribes, the Moabites and the Ammonites. They do not appear to have been incestophobic.
Abraham, Lot’s uncle, who had married his own step-sister Sarah, was after many years blessed by God with a child who was named Isaac. Abraham and Sarah

do not appear to have been incestophobic, or incestophobes, and Abraham's incestuous marriage was thus the basis of the Jewish race. Islam appears to consider

Abraham as a great prophet, and traces its holy lineage to him via his child from an adulterous union with his wife’s Egyptian maid Hagah.
Readers of the Bible might wonder how, at least at that early stage, (before the arrival of Moses and the laws against incest established in the Jewish religion in

Leviticus, the Jewish God did not appear to have anything against consanguineous relationships.( or polyamory.
The term incestophobia is a lend of (1) the word incest, and (2) phobia from the Greek Phóbos, meaning "fear" or "morbid fear". It is debateable when and where

the word ‘incestophobia’ first appeared in print or was first used.
Jane Dow referred to incestophobia in 2016 but does not lay claim to having invented the term.
Consanguinamory podcast Jane Dow published on Jul 25, 2016 11:00PM Episode 65 'The horrific seven costs of incestophobia'
https://consanguinamory.wordpress.com/the-horrific-seven-costs-of-incestophobia/
PE01614: Adult Consensual Incest (ACI) Petition to Scottish parliament
http://www.parliament.scot/GettingInvolved/Petitions/adultconsensualincest

(Note: The word 'incest' which is one of the root words in 'incestophobia' has been and still is highly controversial; it has been used and misused, interpreted and

misinterpreted over many centuries, and was and is applied in legal, medical, common language and other contexts, differently in many times, places and cultures.

Its meaning was defined simply in a common family dictionary (Readers' Digest Great Encyclopaedia Dictionary 1965) as 'sexual intercourse between persons

related within degrees within which marriage is prohibited. "The meaning has been extended to the metaphorical to include 'questionable, unethical or illicit financial

and informational cooperation between two or more companies or organisations."
The precise legal definition of incest appears to be different in every one of the 50 states in America! (see Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_regarding_incest_in_the_United_States
Anti-CIAO prejudice (incestophobia) is a social problem that has been identified by scholars in social science for a long time, and has been drawn attention to in

many articles calling for reform of incest laws in many countries where CIAO is still criminalised. Negative attitudes towards CIAO sexuality or "incestophobia",

includes "a mixture of revulsion and apprehension" which could be called 'CIAO panic'.
CIAO panic might be likened to the sort of hysteria in the individual that is easily whipped up into mass-hysteria of the kind that is intentionally spread during

political psychological warfare / enemy state destabilisation programs that are used to influence and harness public opinion into supporting violent action such as in

the witch/ heretic/ socialist/landowner hunts, of the Catholic Inquisition, and anti-communist movements in America, and anti-capitalist movements in China ( 'The

Red Scare', under McCarthyism) anti-Semitic pogroms in Europe and Nazi Germany.

However, unlike 'homophobia', 'incestophobia' was not included as a mental illness in the DSM - (the Diagnostics and Statistical Manual (of mental illnesses) used

by the American Psychiatric Association. Incestophobia might have a better claim to be a 'real 'mental illness though. For many decades, homosexuality was

included in the DSM, and was also considered in all the Anglosphere a serious crime with heavy penalties, so that fear of being a homosexual or being accused of

being an homosexual was probably a very valid, rational and justifiable reason for being homophobic, especially in those countries where homosexuality was capital

offense (hanging) since the time of Henry VIII.
On the other hand, incest had not been made into an actual crime on the statute books in England until relatively recently, ( 1908) ( a decade earlier in Australia and

Utah) and was merely a breach of Ecclesiastical Law and thus it had only been subject to fines and penances by the church. There were many 'sins' that one could

commit, that were not crimes as such, and the punishments perhaps had not been so severe under church law as to warrant a full-fledged 'phobia' as was the case

with homosexuality. Dispensations had allowed certain consanguineous marriages to take place, especially where the ownership of large estates was at stake, and

both the Church and important individuals could gain mutual benefits.
It is ironic that the law in England over the last century has become much harsher towards CIAO people while becoming more lenient towards homosexuals. The

process of liberalization of attitudes towards sex increased in the Anglosphere from the end of WWII, with the sexual revolution (often attributed to the works of

Alfred Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, (Kinsey Report) Masters and Johnson, the contraceptive pill. A massive campaign to legalise homosexuality gained momentum at

the same time as the Women’s Liberation movement, making great use of the media, movies, TV radio and the internet to spread the message of the need for great

sexual freedom and tolerance.(Gay liberation movements often being an integral part of other street protests). When it became clear to governments that the war

on AIDs could not be made effectively if homosexuality was illegal and homosexuals carried on their activities in secret, the AIDS pandemic became a useful tool

for accelerating the legalization of homosexuality and gay marriage. Thus the media and government was forced to come around to supporting education and

advertising campaigns to help normalise homosexuality in order to help reduce the spread of AIDs while the was no such ‘cutting of slack’ for people in CIAO

relationships.

England and Wales
The law relating to sexual offences in England and Wales was reviewed between 1999 and 2002. The 2003 Act replaced the offence of incest with two new wider

groups of offences –familial child sex offences (sections 25–29) and sex with an adult relative (sections 64–65). However in Scotland
there has been no recent government action or parliamentary consideration of this area of law, other than the 2009 Act.
http://www.parliament.scot/ResearchBriefingsAndFactsheets/Petitions%20briefings%20S4/PB16-1599.pdf
The odd situation in Scotland regarding incest is that, because the law defines the act of incest as involving both a vagina and a penis, siblings of the same sex,

father-son or mother-daughter pairs, would not be considered incestuous under the law. As well as that, acts which would be considered incestuous child abuse in

other countries, might not get the same harsh treatment in Scotland as they would overseas.(such as the rape (anal or oral) of an underage son by a father, or sexual

abuse of a daughter by her mother.)
(Roffee, James A, Incest in Scots Law: Missed Opportunities in the Scottish Law Commission Review (June 1, 2010). ‘Contemporary Issues in Law’, Vol. 10,

No. 2, pp. 168-180, 2010. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1720865"

For one thing, as Freud pointed to in his works, (Note page 184 'What Freud Really Said' David Stafford-Clark Pelican 1965) "The Oedipus Complex is in fact

universal."
Thus at one point or another in our lives, Oedipal urges, affect everyone and so it is inevitable that, with the good number of people who fail to pass successfully

through the Oedipal phase of child development that they go on to develop something between a mild neurosis and a serious one (perhaps even a 'incestophobia')

stemming from their natural Oedipal feelings and the socially -learned needed to repress them, and thus this group of people is likely to out-number those who have

homosexual urges. In fact, homosexuals may be a subset of this larger ‘Oedipally repressed’ group. Recent statistics have shown that about 4% of the population

are homosexuals, and while they may have more political power as an organized unit, they may appear (to homophobes) to constitute a smaller 'threat' to society’

than the (still as yet unknown but probably larger number of people who have intense Oedipal and incestuous desires, (but under the present legal and moral

system) repress them and so become incestophobic as a reaction to their environment,( i.e. state, institutional, and religious incestophobia creating internal

incestophobia/ neurosis). Some psychiatrists have theorised that homosexuality, perversions, other mental illnesses, and even some forms of criminal behaviour may

result from Oedipal urges and interruptions to healthy psychological development during the Oedipal phase of childhood. Note.

People who had strong oedipal desires but suffered repression and could not act on their inclinations, may carry the extra-emotional/intellectual cognitive load of

guilt and anxiety which could cause long lasting mental anguish and ill health.

Incestophobia may be aggravated in some states today wherein CIAO is still illegal but where great attempts have been made to normalize homosexuality as part

of the new inclusive multi-cultural society using all media forms as well as the state education system. While large amounts of public funding has been spent on

education, advertising (propaganda) pedagogical campaigns to create a more liberal environment and attitudes towards various sexual minority groups, attempts to

create greater social acceptance of sexual diversity and understanding, have not been extended to creating greater social acceptance of CIAO, or to allay public

misconceptions about adult consensual incest or to try to reduce incestophobia in any of its forms.

Efforts to further increase the rights of homosexuals and most other sexual minorities may, to some degree and in some areas, have worked against the interests of

the CIAO community. This is because opponents of such social reform have accused those supporting the legalization of gay marriage, as acting like a vanguard

"leading us down the slippery slope towards incest and bestiality" and this has acted as a wedge in the movement for greater sexual freedom between those who

accept that CIAO people should have equal rights and those less progressive (in our opinion) who deny that they have any intention of supporting the legalization of

CIAO and want to completely distance themselves from such a program - in some cases demonizing CIAO people more than non-LBGTIQ groups do, in order

to appear more ‘high-minded’ and to appear to be on the side of ‘the mainstream’ conservative establishment which has now accepted them into its midst.
Such people would deny that homosexuals are ever paedophiles or pederasts, or CIAO, but would insist that all CIAO people are child abusers. They would be

incorrect. While some CIAO people can be homosexuals, CIAO people, by definition are by definition not involved in child abuse.
As Jane Dow says in her article ‘https://consanguinamory.wordpress.com/the-horrific-seven-costs-of-incestophobia/
“Domestic violence can and does happen in all types of relationships, and it can occasionally occur in incestuous ones too. In regular relationships, if somebody is

being beaten by their spouse, they can seek help and protection from the police and later bring the abuser to justice. With incest however, it is very different… the

victim CANNOT go to the police without revealing the illegal relationship, and so the victim suffers in silence. So in this instance, the cost of incestophobia is

actually helping abuse to remain hidden.
Even when abuse is not physical, how can somebody have a chat to friends or other family members about it when even being in the relationship at all is illegal and

considered immoral? They CAN’T.”

Incestophobia persists to some extent even in countries where CIAO is legal, (i.e. in France recently some protested against newly introduced laws against

incestuous child abuse that still allow CIAO to remain legal between adults as it has been since 1810). In many countries where homosexuality has been de-

criminalized the state continues to use the media, state educational and propaganda institutions to simultaneously 'normalise' homosexuality, whilst demonizing incest

of all kinds, including CIAO, thus spreading and maintaining incestophobia. Here as the state institutions still make CIAO and CIAO acts into a serious crime,

often with long jail sentences for those convicted of the victimless crime, and allow incestophobic propaganda and the seeds of fear and hate to be sown freely, i.e.

from the plays of Sophocles, ( Oedipus Rex, Antigones, Shakespeare's plays (Pericles Prince of Tyre etc.) that depict even accidental incest as tragic, to modern

English and American sitcom television series such as 'Frasier', and the 'Spoils of Babylon' that make jokes about incest, real or imaginary. i.e. In one episode of

Frasier, Frasier, the hero, a psychiatrist, is attracted to a beautiful young woman and sleeps with her, only to abruptly reject her afterwards, (in typical narcissist

fashion) when his family point out to him fact the women strongly resembles his deceased mother.

Several such incestophobia laden programs can be shown on television in succession on the same day. In one night (24/11/16) three comedy programs in Sydney

NSW made incest the butt of (incestophobia) jokes. In 'The Spoils of Babylon' (a satirical show that depicts adopted brother-sister CIAO relationship which

deteriorates into adult sibling rivalry in a 1960s corporate America).
In one scene, Devon, the adopted son of oil baron Patriarch Jonas Morehouse) confesses to his father who sick and in a wheelchair) his lover for his legal sister

Cynthia. Though their incest is not biological, the father is so incestophobic that he immediately forbids the relationship, but is so upset he dies (melodramatically)

coughing up blood, and falling out of his wheelchair only to climb back into it, and then falling out again. At one point in the story the Devon is so incestophobic that

he runs away from the sister he loves and becomes a drug addict, rather than try to maintain a secret liaison with her. Another time he marries a plastic upper-class

British shop manikin and tried to maintain the pretence of a conventional marriage to it, rather than accept his own consanguineous love for his sister. The story

depicts the sister as morally depraved (she is jealous of the manikin she sets fire to it and burns the house down) , and also she has killed the inventor of a fuel-

saving device and his family in order to preserve the profits of her family’s oil corporation. In this way her incestuous love is associated with corruption and evil.

(However for those intelligent enough to discern, the story itself is not incestophobic. As someone in charge of a large oil corporation might act in way that benefits

its shareholder, she is no different from others. She is a passionate woman who fights for what she loves and believes in. In the same way we don’t all necessarily

connect a president’s invasive foreign policies or use of drones to assassinate US citizens with his private affairs. And we don’t condemn someone’s political or

business practices simply because we disagree with their unconventional private lifestyle. In a bizarre way the story highlights these modern ethical issues, putting

into contradistinction contrasting social and legal rules. (No punishment for corporate and military mass murders, while laws against adult consensual incest mean

innocent people in CIAO love are sent to prison and their lives destroyed even though they have hurt no one.)

In one episode of the British sitcom Peep Show, Jeremy's gorgeous new American girlfriend puts his taboo-bashing beliefs to the test by asking him to paint himself

black with Vegemite and while having sex with her to imagine that she is his mother. Though he makes the attempt, Jeremy appears to concede defeat and

embarrassed, reveals his incestophobia, and his inability to be able to break the social taboo of incest against even thinking about or imagining having sex with his

mother. Thus the show tries to extend the incest taboo, (against actual sex with a relative) into what it is not, (against merely imaginary acts of incest) and this was

done by showing the impressionable audience, that this was a so distasteful to even to a bold and audacious man like Jeremy, known to be hopelessly,

unscrupulous and consciously wanting to break all social taboos to impress his gorgeous young girlfriend, that he was unprepared to bash this new 'taboo' against

imaginary incest. Such programs could make young and or impressionable people more frightened of adult consensual incest than is rational.

In an episode of King of Queens, (the same night) emotional incest, if not actual incest is implied when Doug is tricked into attending a surprise "Valentine's Day

Party' given for his friend, by the attractive but kooky mother of his friend. Doug's friend is embarrassed and humiliated by this act of (emotionally incestuous) love

by his mother, and he runs away from the party. The mother gets drunk and shows his friends a home movie of her son's circumcision ceremony (with her obvious

great pleasure and pride.
The dominating and sadistic Jewish mother, (possibly BPD) thus makes a public display of her son's symbolic disempowerment (circumcision) (her ability to cause

him pain and cause reduced sexual pleasure is permanently marked on his body for life). Yet the man stays with his mother, in this voluntary sado-masochistic

relationship, so attached and co-dependent are they to that he is emotionally unable to abandon her, "because she cannot drive a car." The show appears to mock

this case of (possibly) unconscious CIAO attraction between mother and son, where the son, though he is likely to be ambivalent about his mother's love for him,

still accepts the close relationship as long as it is not exposed and thus he is made to feel ashamed because of his internalized incestophobia.
However, despite the incestophobia in their lives (keeping them from physically loving each other) both mother and son seem otherwise happy living together. The

sitcom is set in the New York borough of Queens, only a few kilometres drive from the state of New Jersey, where Adult Consensual Incest is legal, where the

mother and son could quite easily move to if they wanted to have a CIAO relationship. Though this fact not mentioned in the show, the show does perhaps reflect

accurately homophobic and incestophobic attitudes in 21st century US society and focuses some attention on them, albeit, under the guise of humour.
As with xenophobia and homophobia, incestophobia is a phobia of certain types of people and is a political term, not as yet recognized as a medical phobia,

though perhaps it ought to be.

Incestophobia is not and has never been including in the DSM as a personality profile to describe the psychological aversion to CIAO but the term is an important

tool for CIAO activists, advocates, and their allies to combat the establishment and get the incestophobic anti-CIAO laws removed. 'Incestophobia' has arisen to

help the CIAO movement to combat entrenched bigotry and discrimination against the CIAO community. Describing the hostile attitudes towards CIAO by some

people as a medical phobia is apt, because in many ways, the only reason this wasn't the case in the past is because the condition (incestophobia) was so

widespread that it was mistakenly thought to be 'benign' and 'healthy' whereas in fact, if a society allows such discrimination and cruel treatment of a minority

individuals (who are hurting no one) to go on for no good reason, then that society could be said to be suffering from moral and ethical blindness similar to that of

those societies which allowed the slave trade to go on and the allowed escaped slaves to be punished, even killed merely for pursuing their own human rights to

freedom, or when Jews and homosexuals were sent to prison and or killed simply for being Jews and homosexuals.
[A] phobia about ACI / CIAO.
It was a fear of CIAO sexuality which seems to be associated with a fear of contagion, a fear of devaluing the things one fought for — home and family. It was a

religious fear, ( based in ignorance and disinformation) and it had led to great brutality as fear always does.[9]
wiki has a false definition of incestophobia:
http://phobia.wikia.com/wiki/Incestophobia
2 Classification
Incestophobia manifests in different forms, and a number of different types have been postulated, among which are internalized incestophobia, social incestophobia,

emotional incestophobia, rationalized incestophobia, and others.[21] There were also ideas to classify incestophobia, homophobia , racism, and sexism as an

intolerant personality disorder.[22]
Homosexuality is no longer in the DSM-4 (the diagnostics and statistical manual - version 4)
http://allpsych.com/disorders/dsm.html
In 1992 the American Psychiatric Association, (APA) calls on all international health organizations, psychiatric organizations, and individual psychiatrists in other

countries to urge the repeal in their own countries of legislation that penalizes homosexual acts by consenting adults in private. Further, APA calls on these

organizations and individuals to do all that is possible to decrease the stigma related to homosexuality wherever and whenever it may occur."[23]

Adult Consensual Incest was never classified in the American Psychiatric Association's DSM as a mental illness. The DSM-4 has a section on paraphilia,
but this mentions incest only in relation to paedophilia; Neither does the DSM include adult consensual incest in their definition of a paraphilia. And thus it would be

safe to assume the APA does not consider CIAO as a mental illness.
Therefore the American Psychiatric Association, which must recognize the power of the stigma against CIAO (incestophobia) ought to issue a statement,

reaffirming the organisations belief that CIAO/ ACI is not a mental illness, and say "Whereas adult consensual incest per se implies no impairment in judgment,

stability, reliability, or general social or vocational incapability, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) calls on all international health organizations, psychiatric

organizations, and individual psychiatrists in other countries to urge the repeal in their own countries of legislation that penalizes incestuous acts by consenting adults

in private. Further, APA calls on these organizations and individuals to do all that is possible to decrease the stigma related to consensual adult incest wherever and

whenever it may occur."


Institutionalized incestophobia

Religious attitudes
Main article: Religion and adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality

The association of adult consensual incest sex with immorality or sinfulness is seen by many as a incestophobic act.

Many world religions contain anti-CIAO and incestophobic teachings, while other religions have varying degrees of ambivalence, neutrality i.e. The Na /Suo

people of southern China traditionally practice Tibetan Buddhism, have no marriage and live in a matriarchal social system where CIAO relationships can occur

outside any existing ( Matriarchal ) defined incest. (relationships within the matriarchal group may be considered incestuous, but not those between a member of the

matriarch's family group and outsiders ( which can includes genetic fathers ). (Note: see 'The Visit' by Clifford Geertz.)

Some religious denominations bless or conduct certain CIAO marriages (such as cousin marriages which are forbidden by law in nearly half of the American

states). These include most Islamic denominations and most churches in the UK which allow the marriage of even first cousins. Though the Parsees of India and

other Zoroastrians around the world today generally do not allow consanguineous marriage, the Zoroastrian church in the last four hundred years before the

Muslim takeover of that empire (c 250-650 AD), did encourage what they called 'Xwedodah', 'which ensured that not only the family and its wealth were intact,

but also the religious affiliation of the family remained Zoroastrian. (Note p. 64 Sasanian Persian. Touraj Daryaee. I.B. Taurus 2009.)

The Greek Seleucids, before the arrival of Christianity allowed consanguineous marriage. For example

Laodice IV (flourished second half 3rd century BC and first half 2nd century BC) was a Greek Princess, Head Priestess and Queen of the Seleucid Empire.

In 196 BC, Laodice IV married her eldest brother, crown prince Antiochus. This was the first sibling marriage to occur in the Seleucid dynasty. After her brother-

husband died, their father Antiochus III arranged for Laodice IV to marry for a second time with her second eldest brother, Seleucus IV Philopator. In 187 BC,

her father died and her second husband succeeded their father as the Seleucid King and Laodice IV became the Seleucid Queen.
After the death of Seleucus IV, Laodice married for the third time her youngest brother Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Their son, Antiochus V Eupator succeeded his

father as Seleucid King.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laodice_IV

(The Shakespearian play 'Pericles- Prince of Tyre', invents an incestuous relationship between a 'King Antiochus' and his unnamed daughter and also invents a

punishment from the Gods for them ( death by lightning strike) as a way to inform the public that CIAO relationships are evil and always end in tragedy.)
Sophocles, born about 500 BC wrote about 120 plays, of which tragedy 'Oedipus Rex' is the only one most people know about today, primarily for its anti-

CIAO message, which is , like the Pericles play, a complete fabrication.



Romans
p 133.
Dura was originally a Macedonian foundation and had been part of the Seleucian Empire during the Hellenic period. It then came under Parthia (Persian) control

until the 160s when the Romans took it. Roman domination lasted less than a century. However Dura was destroyed by the Persians in the 250s and abandoned.

Inscriptions from the 1st century indicated that the inhabitants practised marriage between uncle and niece, and even between half siblings, evidently influenced by

Persian custom. After Caracalla's grant of Roman citizenship, in 212, such marriage practices should have stopped, but probably did not; more than three centuries

later, Justinian and Justin II, both had to grant amnesties to inhabitants of the region who continued to live in incestuous unions. (Corcoran 2000 pp 10-11) (Note :

Women and the Law in the Roman Empire, Judith Evans Grubbs Published by Routledge (2002)

"Unlike some Mediterranean peoples (For instance Roman Egypt see chapter 2) the Romans had an incest taboo. Roman law placed restrictions on marriages

between very close kin, including those related by adoption. In general, marriage between those related within three degrees was prohibited." Note ibid page 136

Christianity and the Bible
Main articles: Christianity and CIAO sexuality and The Bible and CIAO sexuality.

The Bible, especially the Old Testament, contains some passages commonly interpreted as condemning same-family (CIAO) sexual relations. Leviticus 18: 6(King

James Bible) says "None of you shall approach to any that is near of kin to him, to uncover their nakedness: I am the LORD" is also commonly seen as a

condemnation of CIAO sexuality.
Christians and Jews who oppose CIAO sexuality often cite such passages; historical context and interpretation is more complicated. Scholarly debate over the

interpretation of these passages has focused on placing them in proper historical context, for instance pointing out that Abraham and Lot's sins are historically

interpreted as being other than adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality, and on the translation of rare or unusual words in the passages in question. Some modern

Christians and Jews argue that since it was not until Moses' time that the Lord forbade incest , then Abraham and Sarah, and Lot and his daughters did not commit

sins and broke no existing laws. Neither did the Westermarck Effect exist at that time, nor the Oedipus Complex. God thus was free to change the rules at any time

it pleased Him and so he did. Others have argued that at the time of Abraham, the gene pool was still very clean and the chance of birth defects from incestuous

mating was lower to non-existent, but that a few centuries later, in Moses' time, the ban on incest was necessary to protect the Jewish race from too many

defective births. (Today we know that more than about 95% of children born with birth defects are from non-CIAO parents, meaning the previous argument was

specious. These is no talk in the Hebrew or Christian Bibles of any children being born with birth defects, either amongst the Egyptians ( who practised CIAO

marriage, ( especially but not only among the ruling families) the Jews themselves or among the Canaanites. \But the implication of the ban on incest in Leviticus is

that it was a common enough practise previously amongst the Jews themselves at the time and punishments were necessary to reduce it, because of its (inferred)

popularity. But as with sodomy, (also banned in Leviticus) it ('the new crime of incest, and the barbaric punishments meted out on those caught at it and the

incestophobia naturally resulting from it ) was used as part of the demonization of the enemy ('The Philistines/Canaanites) which possessed the land the Jews

wanted to occupy. For what other 'cassus belli' di the Jews have for
for invading and killing those people? Under the new Jewish rules against the various types of incest, the punishment was invariably capital, and involved death by

being thrown off buildings and or crushed to death by heavy stones, (Skilah) or having molten lead poured down the offender's throat. (Sreifah). The fear of such

punishments (90% of death punishments by molten lead burning laws were for incest) being inflicted would be sufficient to make most people have an aversion to

any thoughts of incest, (let alone actual acting out) if not utter terror and a paranoia about being accused of such a crime. Thus incestophobia could easily be

created and maintained in people for generations by authorities created a generalised fear and terror of severe consequences (torture and a cruel and incredibly

painful horrible death).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_and_corporal_punishment_in_Judaism#Punishment_by_Sekila_.28stoning.29

The official teaching of the Catholic Church regarding CIAO sexuality is that CIAO behaviour should not be expressed.
http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=6080
"A decree of the Holy Office, 25 June, 1885, declares that in applications for matrimonial dispensations it is no longer necessary to make mention of the

circumstance of incest relations between the petitioners."
The Catechism of the Catholic Church States that, "Incest designates intimate relations between relatives or in-laws within a degree that prohibits marriage between

them.181 St. Paul stigmatizes this especially grave offense: "It is actually reported that there is immorality among you . . . for a man is living with his father's wife. . .

. In the name of the Lord Jesus . . . you are to deliver this man to Satan for the destruction of the flesh. . . . "182 Incest corrupts family relationships and marks a

regression toward animality."
2389 Connected to incest is any sexual abuse perpetrated by adults on children or adolescents entrusted to their care. The offense is compounded by the

scandalous harm done to the physical and moral integrity of the young, who will remain scarred by it all their lives; and the violation of responsibility for their

upbringing."
http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s2c2a6.htm
Islam and sharia
Main article: adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality and Islam
In some cases, the distinction between religious incestophobia and state-sponsored incestophobia is not clear, a key example being territories under Islamic

authority. All major Islamic sects forbid CIAO sexuality, which is a crime under Sharia Law and treated as such in most Muslim countries. (However, in most of the

former Soviet Socialist Republics where Islam has been dominant, ACI is legal, as it was when they were part of the Soviet Union. In former Soviet states sexual

relations among close relatives and family members are only prosecuted in Moldova. Georgia and in its neighbouring countries (Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan) do

not prohibit incest among adults"
Turkey is predominantly a Muslim country, and is in some respects more modern and liberal than the US and UK because CIAO sexuality has been legal, as with

homosexuality, in Turkey (centre of the Ottoman Empire) since 1860, before slavery became illegal in the USA.
14 of 15 post-Soviet states that do not prosecute ACI/CIAO.

In the 1976 legal code of Afghanistan, the only grounds for abortion was to save the life of the mother. Incest was not considered legal grounds for abortion.
According to this article https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/shame-and-impunity-is-domestic-violence-becoming-more-brutal/ adult consensual incest-oriented

sexuality appears to legal. “Incest – sexual intercourse between close relatives – is not a new type of crime in Afghanistan, but the Afghan penal code does not

include specific regulations to address it.” Article 429, established in 1976, does cover the crime of rape (tajawoz jensi). But.. Article 427 did indeed mention “the

case where the person against whom the crime has been committed is a relative, up to the third degree of the offender.” However, in 1977 article 427 was

amended, removing the list of additional items. Now it only addresses adultery (zena, sex outside the marriage, but a consensual act among adults), prescribing

punishment for anyone involved. With this, the Afghan state has removed additional safeguards for victims, particularly victims raped within the family or even

children raped within the family.
Consensual Adult Incest (CIAO) in Afghanistan appears to be less of an issue (for the law at least, understandable in a country vexed by many very real and

serious social problems, Incestophobia may be less endemic than homophobia., as even after the fall of the Taliban, homosexuality went from a capital crime to one

punished with fines and prison sentences.
About 155 countries around the world that continue to consider adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality illegal, but these countries are small and make up less

than half the world population.
Much of the world was conquered and ruled as part of the British Empire, especially Africa, and many countries that formerly has no laws against incest and

homosexuality had such laws forced on them by gunpoint by the British and, and due to British religion and education systems and values systems imposed on

them, most retained those incestophobic and homophobic laws after the British left.
Iran
According to the Article 82 of Iran's Penal code, incest is forbidden and its punishment is up to death penalty.
In many Muslim countries, cousin marriages are considered normal, unlike in about half American states where they are considered as incestuous and illegal.
Under Sharia Law a girl who is a victim of statutory rape, may also be sentenced with the crime of khalwat (close proximity of unmarried man and woman) are

punishable in Sharia courts.
According to this article, in Islamic law “while it is prohibited to marry one’s own daughter who is conceived in marriage, it is not prohibited in Islam to marry one’s

own daughter if she is conceived out of wedlock.”
https://www.booksie.com/posting/adam-seymour/the-authorization-of-incest-in-islam-321115
(This would imply that in Islam, there is less of a fear of genetic incest than there is in the west, which makes sense because the number of children born with birth

defects in absolute terms, if
Microscopic in the CIAO community compared to the large number of case in non-CIAO families.
In Saudi Arabia, the maximum punishment for homosexuality is public execution, but the government will use other punishments – e.g., fines, jaime, whipping – and

even forced sex change as alternatives, unless it feels that people engaging in homosexual activity are challenging state authority by engaging in LGBT social

movements.[35
But it is worth quoting in full from the Keith Pullman website here:
“Consanguineous Marriage and the Modern Saudi
The Saudi Gazette recently ran an article about Saudis continuing to prefer consanguineous marriages.

The article starts off with the genetics scare tactic.
According to Ahmed Qassim Al-Ghamdi, the former head of the Commission for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice, awareness among Saudis of

hereditary disease in children and their relationship to marriages between relatives has increased due to the progress made in scientific research. Al-Ghamdi,

however, said many of the risks have been exaggerated and urged couples to undergo premarital blood testing.

“Scientific studies have proven that there is an increase in risk of affliction with certain hereditary diseases among children born from marriages between close

relatives. The studies have proven a high probability of the husband and wife carrying the same genes if they are relatives. Hence, this increases the probability of

their children carrying a gene for a rare disease. However, this does not necessarily mean that every related couple’s child will be born with hereditary disease,” he

said.

The article gets into religion...
“The belief that marriage between relatives in itself increases hereditary diseases in children is an exaggerated belief. Islam has permitted marriage between

relatives. The Prophet (peace be upon him) married his daughter Fatima to his cousin Ali Bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him). The companions of the

Prophet followed the same path. This is widespread in Arab societies even though it has a role in the appearance of some hereditary diseases. At the same time, it

causes the appearance of some good characteristics. The moderate view is to take precautions by undergoing premarital blood testing,” he added.

I think it is a good idea for anyone planning to have their own genetic children to look into their risks.
Educational consultant Dr. Shaker Al-Hukair said one cannot issue an absolute judgment in favour or against consanguineous unions especially since many Saudis

support such unions due to several reasons.

“The most important among these reasons is to follow what happened during the era of the Prophet (pbuh) as he married his daughter Fatima to his cousin Ali Bin

Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him). Marriage between relatives strengthens the bonds of kinship, aside from boosting the bonds of intermarriage. A husband

and wife need a lot of wisdom in dealing with their marital differences and even in the case of separation, the bonds of kinship and kindness remain. Despite the

disadvantages of marriage between relatives, I still believe that the advantages exceed the disadvantages. The previously mentioned matters are a sufficient reason

for supporting marriage between relatives,” he said.
Marriages to cousins, cousins-once-removed, second cousins, etc. has a long history around the world. It is ridiculous that any country or any US state

discriminate against or ban such marriages. It's good to see support in Saudi Arabia.


As mentioned many former British colonies maintain incestophobic laws. Most states in the USA,
Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Britain’s former African colonies maintain laws that make CIAO sexual relationships illegal and punish them with jail

sentences.
State-sponsored incestophobia
State-sponsored incestophobia includes the criminalization and penalization of adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality, hate speech from government figures, and

other forms of discrimination, violence, persecution of CIAO people.[37]
Past governments
Main articles: CIAO rights in China, History of Christianity and adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality, and CIAO rights in Russia
See also: History of CIAO people in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
In some but not all cases in medieval Europe, CIAO sexuality was considered a sin, but under the Catholic church, which extended the definition of incest from a

few degrees of consanguinity to a great many, so that people would have to search great distances to find a partner who was not a distant blood relative, those with

enough money merely needed to pay a dispensation to the church for permission to marry consanguineously. Those who needed to worry about incestophobia

were those too poor to be able to raise enough capital to marry their relative.
The countries in Europe today which have the largest Catholic populations, tend to be more liberal towards CIAO and do not criminalise it, whereas, the countries

that adopted Protestantism, tend to have harsher laws against CIAO. In Iceland as an example, offenders were once punished by being executed and later they

were worked to death in work camps, so sinful was the offense thought to be. Today, according to Wikipedia, in Denmark, \sex with a descendant is punishable by

up to 6 years' imprisonment. Sex between siblings is punishable by up to 2 years' imprisonment.
A Danish professor has argued that sex between consensual adult siblings should be legal.
http://cphpost.dk/news/sex-between-siblings-should-be-legal-says-professor.html

Már Jónsson writes:
“Stóridómur (English: The Grand Judgment) was a set of laws passed by the Icelandic parliament, Alþingi, in the summer of 1564, following the adoption of

Lutheranism in Iceland.
The instigators of the laws were the two law speakers of the Alþingi and the Danish King's representative in Iceland, Páll Stígsson. The King confirmed the laws in

the following year. Iceland had recently adopted Lutheranism, and the laws were enacted to reduce moral licentiousness and sexual lasciviousness in the country.
The laws introduced harsher punishments for various moral crimes, such as incest and having children out of wedlock, and placed the executive power of meting

out punishment and collecting fines in the hands of the emissaries of the Danish King.[1]
An example of the punishment for incest (besides beheading for men and drowning for women, was being sent to prison to do hard labour.
In the years 1683-1687, however, a legal rule was introduced in the Danish Kingdom, stating that people who had been sentenced to death could have their case

sent to the king himself. He would then decide whether they should be executed or sent to prison for life, where they were put to extremely hard work.
By 1730, executions for incest had become an exception and imprisonment for life the rule - although, for many, this may have been worse than death. The

conditions were terrible and of the eighteen Icelandic prisoners who came to Copenhagen-prisons in 1756, only four were alive one year later. ( The Sound of

Heavy Industry)
By the middle of the nineteenth century most incestuous people were "only" put in prison for a few years, and then released. Incest had stopped being a crime

against God and was now only considered to be a disruption of orderly relations in society. “
Incest in Iceland 1500-1900 by Már Jónsson
http://web.uvic.ca/~becktrus/assets/text/jonsson_01.php
The theologian Thomas Aquinas was influential in linking condemnations certain types of sexual behaviour with the idea of natural law, arguing that "special sins are

against nature, as, for instance, those that run counter to the intercourse of male and female natural to animals, and so are peculiarly qualified as unnatural

vices."[39] Ironically ‘the Reformation’ may have resulted in harsher treatment of CIAO people. Invention of the printing press, the age of faster communications

may have increased incestophobia as false information, disinformation and indoctrination with false ideas could be greatly accelerated.
In ancient China, incestophobia was not as greatly ingrained, as say homophobia was in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China when homosexual

behaviour was outlawed ( 1740). The story of the incestuous love relationship between Lady wen Jiang (Duchess of Lu, died c 673 BC) and her brother Duke

Xiang, who had her husband murdered, is fairly well known and accepted in China.[42] When Mao Zedong came to power, the government thought of

homosexuality as a "social disgrace or a form of mental illness", and "[d]during the cultural revolution (1966–76), people who were homosexual faced their worst

period of persecution in Chinese history." Despite there being no law in the communist People's Republic against adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality, or

homosexuality" police regularly rounded up gays and lesbians." Other laws were used to prosecute homosexual people and they were "charged with hooliganism or

disturbing public order."[43] Persecution of CIAO people in China under CCP rule is something that needs more research. In Clifford Geetz’s article ‘The Visit’

http://hypergeertz.jku.at/GeertzTexts/The_Visit.htm
which reviews A Society Without Fathers or Husbands: The Na of China
by Cai Hua, translated from the French by Asti Hustvedt, Geertz points out that in the 1950s the communists used their power to try to force the non-conforming

‘Na’ people of southern China
(matriarchal, non-marrying and ‘fatherless’ people) who occasionally may have been in incestuous relationships from the Chinese and western point of view) to

conform and enter conventional marriages. But this doesn’t seem to have been from a desire to stamp out incest or from incestophobic motives. Perhaps it was to

force the Ng people to move from their ( basically) ‘primitive Communism’ to Mao’s communism.(These people were already living the dream of living in

cooperative matriarchal communes with no private property, with not marriages, where women did not have husbands, children had no fathers. Thus there could be

no ‘biological ‘incest’ in the western sense, nor need for western incest rules to protect private property, since no private property existed.
The Soviet Union under Vladimir Lenin decriminalized adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality in 1922, long before many other European countries. The Soviet

Communist Party effectively legalized no-fault divorce, abortion and adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality, when they abolished all the old Tsarist laws and the

initial Soviet criminal code kept these liberal sexual policies in place.[44] Lenin's emancipation was reversed a decade later by Joseph Stalin and adult consensual

incest-oriented sexuality remained illegal under Article 121 until the Yeltsin era.
Ciao people were among the many groups besides the Jewish people who were targeted by the Nazis, imprisoned and died during the Holocaust.
Current governments
Main articles: CIAO rights in Iran, CIAO rights in Jamaica, CIAO rights in North Korea, CIAO rights in Saudi Arabia, CIAO rights in Uganda, and CIAO rights

in Zimbabwe
See also: CIAO law and Scottish Anti-CIAO sexuality laws
Petitions 2016 in Scottish against Scotland’s Anti-CIAO laws.
United Kingdom
Further information: Sexual offences in the United Kingdom and Prohibited degree of kinship § United Kingdom
Legislation regarding sexual offences in the United Kingdom is devolved. Sex with an adult who is related as parent (including adoptive parent), grandparent, child

(including adopted child), grandchild, brother, sister, half-brother, half-sister, uncle, aunt, nephew or niece, is illegal. In England and Wales the offence is against the

Sexual Offences Act 2003[67] which effectively replaced the offence of incest with two new wider groups of offences: familial child sex offences (sections 25–29)

and sex with an adult relative (sections 64–65). In Northern Ireland similar offences are against the Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008.[68]

In Scotland the offence is against the Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995,[69] the provisions of which effectively replaced the Incest and Related

Offences (Scotland) Act 1986[70] (although the 1986 Act was not actually repealed until 2010).[71] Prior to the 1986 Act the law was based on the Incest Act

1567 which incorporated into Scots criminal law Chapter 18 of the Book of Leviticus, using the version of the text of the Geneva Bible of 1562.[72] In January

2016 a petition calling for “Adult Consensual Incest” to be decriminalised, was submitted to the Scottish Parliament's Public Petitions Committee but the petition

was not debated and no change was made to the law.[73]
While The North Korean government condemns Western Gay culture as a vice caused by the decadence of capitalist society, and denounces it as promoting

consumerism, classism, and promiscuity, it does not condemn CIAO. CIAO is not illegal in North Korea. In North Korea, "violating the rules of collective socialist

life" can be punished with up to two years' imprisonment.[46] However, according to the North Korean government, "As a country that has embraced science and

rationalism, the DPRK recognizes that many individuals are born with adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality as a genetic trait and treats them with due respect.

Homosexuals and CIAO people in the DPRK have never been subject to repression, as in many capitalist regimes around the world."
Many African countries which were colonised by Britain thus had British laws forced upon them at gun point and this may explain why they had anti -gay and

anti-CIAO laws to this day.
Wikipedia says "In Zimbabwe, all forms of incest could result in a jail sentence, including cousins as far as fourth cousins.[9]
Robert Mugabe, the president of Zimbabwe, has waged a violent campaign against LGBT people, arguing that before colonisation, Zimbabweans did not engage

in homosexual acts. In August 1995, during the Zimbabwe International Book Fair.[48] He told an audience: "If you see people parading themselves as lesbians

and gays, arrest them and hand them over to the police!"[49] ]
Internalized incestophobia

Internalized incestophobia refers to negative stereotypes, beliefs, stigma, and prejudice about adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality and LGBT people that a

person with same-sex attraction turns inward on themselves, whether or not they identify as LGBT.[52][53][54] The degree to which someone is affected by these

ideas depends on how much and which ideas they have consciously and subconsciously internalized.[55] These negative beliefs can be mitigated with education,

life experience and therapy,[54][56] especially with gay-friendly psychotherapy/analysis.[57] Internalized incestophobia also applies to conscious or unconscious

behaviours which a person feels the need to promote or conform to cultural expectations of heteronormativity or Heterosexism. [52] This can include extreme

repression and denial coupled with forced outward displays of heteronormative behaviour for the purpose of appearing or attempting to feel "normal" or

"accepted."[52] Expressions of internalized incestophobia can also be subtle. Some less overt behaviours may include making assumptions about the gender of a

person's romantic partner, or about gender roles.[52] Some researchers also apply this label to LGBT people who support "compromise" policies, such as those

that find civil unions acceptable in place of same-sex marriage.[58]
Some studies have shown that people who are incestophobic are more likely to have repressed homosexual desires.[59] In 1996, a controlled study of 64

heterosexual men (half said they were incestophobic by experience, with self-reported orientation) at the University of Georgia found that men who were found to

be incestophobic (as measured by the Index of incestophobia)[60] were considerably more likely to experience more erectile responses when exposed to

homoerotic images than non-incestophobic men.[61] Another study in 2012 arrived at similar results when researchers found that students who came from "the

most rigid anti-gay homes" were most likely to reveal repressed homosexual attraction.[62] The researchers said that this explained why some religious leaders

who denounce adult consensual incest-oriented sexuality are later revealed to have secret homosexual relations.[62] They noted that "these people are at war with

themselves and are turning this internal conflict outward."[62] A 2016 eye-tracking study showed that heterosexual men with high negative impulse reactions

toward homosexuals gazed for longer periods at homosexual imagery than other heterosexual men. [63]
Researchers may find the term incestophobia to be more "problematic" compared other more obscure terminologies.[54] The phrase 'internalized sexual stigma' is

another term that can sometimes be used in place to represent internalized incestophobia.[61] An internalized stigma arises when a person believes negative

stereotypes about themselves, regardless of where the stereotypes come from. It can also refer to many stereotypes beyond sexuality and gender roles.

Internalized incestophobia can cause discomfort with and disapproval of one's own sexual orientation. Ego-dystonic sexual orientation or ego-dystonic

incestophobia, for instance, is a condition characterized by having a sexual orientation or an attraction that is at odds with one's idealized self-image, causing anxiety

and a desire to change one's orientation or become more comfortable with one's sexual orientation. Such a situation may cause extreme repression of Ciaosexual

desires.[60] In other cases, a conscious internal struggle may occur for some time, often pitting deeply held religious or social beliefs against strong sexual and

emotional desires. This discordance can cause clinical depression, and a higher rate of suicide among CIAO youth (up to 30 percent of non-heterosexual youth

attempt suicide) has been attributed to this phenomenon.[55] Psychotherapy, such as CIAO affirmative psychotherapy, and participation in a sexual-minority

affirming group can help resolve the internal conflicts, such as between religious beliefs and sexual identity.[61] Even informal therapies that address understanding

and accepting of non-normative orientations can prove effective.[55] Many diagnostic "Internalized incestophobia Scales" can be used to measure a person's

discomfort with their sexuality and some can be used by people regardless of gender or sexual orientation. Critics of the scales note that they presume a discomfort

with non-normative sexuality which in itself enforces hetero/homo-normativity.[60]
Social incestophobia

The fear of being identified as CIAO might be considered as a form of social incestophobia. Theorists including Calvin Thomas and Judith Butler once suggested

that homophobia was based in an individual's fear of being identified as gay and unmanly.(Homosexuality was illegal in the US and UK until a few decades ago and

is still illegal in many countries such as Singapore and Malaysia and other countries that were formerly British colonies and also may still be considered

dishonourable in certain conservative pockets of the population. The same process might occur with incestophobia, with a CIAO individual’s fear of being publicly

humiliated if their CIAO sexuality is exposed, even if they have not acted on their CIA orientation. Some people might be both homosexual and CIAO, and living in

countries where both homosexuality and gay marriage is legal, but where Adult Consensual Incest ( CIAO) is not. If such individuals are incestophobic, then their

incestophobia might be based more on their illegal CIAO relationship and their fear of loss of unpopularity for their unusual sexual orientation than with any

insecurity about their homosexuality making them appear as less masculine, especially since homophobic attitudes are now frowned upon by the media and the

elites.

However such incestophobia and homophobia would be based on ignorance or disinformation, since it is fairly common knowledge that several very great people

were incestuous (CIAO) such as, Abraham the prophet and Shapur I, (the Sasanian emperor who defeated the Roman army and captured the Roman leader

Valerius), and homosexual (Alexander the Great). Nobody in their right mind could seriously question the masculinity or manliness of these great leaders.
Incestophobia and homophobia may be common among the uneducated and less knowledgeable people, and possibly even widespread amongst sports players

and their fans[66].
However it is likely that those afflicted come from all backgrounds and classes, as is the case with mental illnesses where the causes are man-made and ideological

ideas that fly about these days at next to light speed.
(See Aaron Esterson 'A Study in the Dialectics of Madness' p 322 "But the true scandal is that persons are formally labelled mad or ill because they are

scandalizing others."

Theorists have argued that a person who expresses incestophobic thoughts and feelings does so not only to communicate their beliefs about CIAO people as a

minority group, but also to distance themselves from this minority and its social status. Thus, by distancing themselves (differentiating themselves / discriminating

against..)from CIAO people, they are reaffirming their (superior) role as a heterosexual/homosexual in a hetero-homo-LGBTIQ- normative culture, thereby

attempting to prevent themselves from being labelled and (mis) treated as an (oppressed and under-appreciated) CIAO or polyamorous person.

see 'Sexual Citizenship ' by David Evans.
   
(Evans' book omits CIAO and Polyamorous sexuality altogether from his framework of sexual citizenship but describes five types of secondary (second class?)

sexual citizenships as being homosexuality, bisexuality, transvestism and trans-sexuality, youthful sexuality and female sexual citizenship. i.e. no mention of Adult

Consensual Incest Orientation. This is an old book now (1993) and in Australia at least, most of those 5 "second class sexual citizens" have got full legal rights,

(except for marriage) something that CIAO /consanguinamorous or polyamorous people still don't have.)
This interpretation alludes to the idea that a person may posit violent opposition to "the Other" as a means of establishing their own identity as part of the majority

and thus gaining social validation, when in fact they may harbour just as many CIAO or Oedipal desires, fantasies or thoughts as any other person. The

incestophobe, like the homophobe may in fact be in denial about their own CIAO orientation, experience, and like the narcissist putting on a false self, pretends to

the outer world as much as to himself, to be something he is not, and cannot be ( ‘perfectly normal.’)

As with homophobia which can be viewed as a method of protection of male masculinity.[67] a theoretically even larger number of people may be incestophobic in

order to appear normal in a predominantly incestophobic society.

Note: estimates of the number of people who are incestophobic are of questionable veracity. One estimate of close to 100% may not be far off the mark

Various psychoanalytic theories explain homophobia as a threat to an individual's own same-sex impulses, whether those impulses are imminent or merely

hypothetical. Simply it may be a neurosis that is a psychological defence mechanism that protects the individual from the perceived threat of an attack on his ego

and identity that believes he will receive from his superego ( and other people) if he identifies as a gay. This threat causes repression, denial or reaction formation.

[68] neurosis.
Distribution of attitudes

There are some errors in the article. If you see bad ones, please let me know and I can fix the original text.